Ever wonder why your weight seems to creep back up after every diet? Some people think something called “set point theory” explains it.
This intriguing theory suggests your body has a preferred weight range it fiercely defends, making lasting weight loss a complex challenge. Read on to learn all you need to know about this theory that attempts to explain why lasting weight loss is so hard.
What Is Set Point Theory?
The set point theory for body weight originally came from animal studies and was later applied to humans. It was first introduced in 1953 by scientist Gordon C. Kennedy, who suggested that our bodies regulate fat storage. In the 1980s, researchers built on this idea to develop the set point theory.
The theory says that our bodies have a set point for weight or fat mass that they naturally try to maintain. According to this theory, our body’s systems, including hormones and metabolism, adjust to bring us back to this set point after losing or gaining weight.
While the theory has been around for decades, it remains unproven in humans.
Most of the supporting evidence comes from animal studies, and human studies have mainly been observational, making it hard to control all the variables. Some experts question whether factors like environment, economics, and society also play a big role in weight regulation, challenging the idea of a biological set point.
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Is Set Point Theory Proven?
In short, no. Set point theory is not a proven fact. Critics argue that the theory oversimplifies weight regulation, neglecting environmental and psychological factors. Some counterarguments highlight that lifestyle changes, like diet and exercise, can shift the set point over time.
More studies are needed in humans in order to more fully understand the complexities of weight regulation.
Why Might the Body Want To Maintain a Certain Weight?
If there is such a thing as a set point, it might stem from evolutionary survival mechanisms. In the past, stable weight increased the likelihood of surviving food shortages, which in turn raised the chances of reproduction.
To keep your weight stable, the body uses natural processes involving appetite regulating hormones like leptin and ghrelin. Leptin tells you when you’re full and have enough energy, while ghrelin makes you feel hungry. These signals help balance how much energy you take in and use, keeping your weight steady.
To sum it up, a scientific theory for why your body avoids big weight changes is because it wants to maintain a certain weight range to keep you from starving.
If There Is a Set Point, Can It Change?
Yes, the set point could theoretically change. According to the theory, things like childbirth, menopause, aging, your environment, and diseases all seem to change the set point throughout one’s life. According to StatPearls, “Most individuals do not have one, but several, set points throughout their lives.”
For example, combining diet and regular exercise can help with gradual weight loss, which might lead to the eventual lowering of the set point. Although it takes time and effort, gradually incorporating healthy habits could change how your body manages weight, leading to a new, healthier balance.
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Could Diet Have an Impact on Set Point?
Your diet plays an important role in your weight loss journey. Calorie restriction can lower your weight at first, but the body often responds by slowing metabolism and increasing hunger, attempting to restore its original set point. Over time, this could make losing weight harder and may even lead to weight gain.
Different macronutrient ratios could also theoretically influence set point. High-protein diets can make you feel fuller and increase energy use, potentially lowering the set point. Conversely, high-carb or high-fat diets may impact insulin sensitivity and fat storage, affecting weight regulation.
Might Exercise Have an Impact on Set Point?
Regular exercise may positively influence your set point by enhancing metabolism, building muscle, and balancing hormones.
Aerobic exercises, like running and cycling, burn calories and improve heart health, possibly shifting your set point. Strength training builds muscle, which increases calorie burn even at rest.
Exercise also regulates hormones like leptin and insulin, enhancing satiety and efficient energy use.
Effective Strategies To Change Your Body Weight
Theories are one thing, but if you buy into set point theory, you could start to feel like your weight loss efforts are pointless. But even if set point theory turns out to be true, you can still lose weight within your set point range.
A modest weight loss of only 5% of your body weight has been shown to lead to real health improvements including a reduced risk of insulin resistance.
Here are some approaches to weight loss that might help:
Gradual Weight Loss
Understanding how your body adapts to weight loss (for example, the changes in metabolism and hormones) can help you create better sustainable weight loss plans. Sustained healthy eating, consistent exercise, and lifestyle changes could help with weight management and improve overall health. A recent meta-analysis found that gradual weight loss is less likely to stall your metabolism compared to rapid weight loss.
Phased Weight Loss Approach
Some folks may lose a lot of weight during a brief spurt of motivation, but maintaining your new weight can be challenging. So it might be a good idea to lose weight in phases. This helps your body adjust to new lower weights by allowing metabolic adaptation and supporting sustainable weight management.
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Keeping a Food Log
Keeping a food log is a smart way to become more aware of your eating habits, identify areas to improve, and establish mindful eating. Tracking what you eat can help you make better food choices and control portions, which is beneficial for gradual weight loss.
Increasing Non-Exercise Activity Thermogenesis (NEAT)
In simple terms, NEAT is the energy you use for everyday activities like walking, fidgeting, and doing basic chores. Increasing NEAT can raise the amount of calories you burn every day simply by doing household tasks like cleaning, cooking, and laundry. Increasing NEAT helps elevate metabolism and energy expenditure, facilitating gradual weight loss.
Strength Training Benefits
Regular strength training builds muscle, which boosts your resting metabolism and overall calorie burn. As muscle replaces fat, your body uses more energy, aiding in healthy weight loss.
Optimizing Sleep
Quality sleep can help in adjusting levels of hormones that control appetite and metabolism. Adequate rest supports energy balance, reduces cravings, and improves metabolism, all of which can support slow and steady weight loss.
The Bottom Line: Set Point Theory and Its Impact on Your Weight
It’s not a certain truth, but supporters of set point theory describe it as your body’s personal weight thermostat, which is always working to keep your weight within a certain range. The theory suggests our bodies have a built-in autopilot mechanism that adjusts hunger, metabolism, and energy levels to resist big weight changes.
Maintaining a healthy weight can be tricky, but a steady mix of healthy eating, regular exercise, and good sleep could help you lose the extra weight. Developing these healthy habits might just be the key to achieving your weight goals.
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